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SHEYKH
MAHAMMAD KHIYABANI:
And
olsun sherefime, o Milletin ki istiqlaliyyeti yoxdur
hech bir sheyi yoxdur!
(Sheyx memmed Xiyabani)
Sheikh
Mahammad Khiyabani, the scientist, playing a great part in the Iran Revolution
History, the thinker and politician was born in 1879 in the Khamna settlement,
situated near the Tabriz City. After termination of the school that is situated
in Khamna, went to his father Haji Abdulhamid's place that was engaged with the
trade in Makhachgala, in a few terms he began to learn the religious sciences.
Khiyabani studied at Angaji's place, the famous religious representative of
Tabriz, was one of his remarkable students and advanced up to the Mujtahid
rank1. Besides, Khiyabani mastered the astronomy and the arithmetic sciences of
the famous astronomer Mirza Abdulali and became the eminent scientist on Islamic
Philosophy and Literature.
Sheikh Mahammad
Khiyabani won the sympathy of the population of Tabriz owning to his eloquent
and beautiful speech, were the Imam and preacher in the Haji Karimkhan mosque of
Khiyaban region following the advice of the famous religion figure and
revolutionary Sigatulislam.
Khiyabani,
speaking on human rights and freedoms in his speeches promoted the world outlook
development of Tabriz population and said always: "the right is not granted, it
is to be mastered."
And Khiyabani
transmuted his pulpit in the mosque into propaganda rostrum with the purpose of
dissemination of freedom and democracy ideas. Within 1907-1911 Khiyabani took an
active part in the movement against totalitarian and shah regime and realized
his struggle among the fighters. The party "Ijtimaiyyun-Amiyyun", comprehending
his high scientific and social level, elected Khiyabani to Azerbaijan Provincial
Society.
Khiyabani joined
the revolution movement during the heaviest and crisis period of Azerbaijan
history and realized his active struggle against the intern reactionary forces
and the foreign sates: Russian, English, German and Ottoman states. Khiyabani
created the first Democratic Party and democratic regime in South and Iran
history. Even, in opinion of foreign historians, the Tabiz population had not
seen the prosperity and security like those within the period of the democratic
regime directed by him.
Within this
period several below has been delivered to Mashruta
regime:
The first below:
in 1907, after the signing of Mashruta law Mohammadali Mirza, occupying the
place of Muzaffaraddin shah tried liquidate the Mashruta by means of help of
Russian State.
The second below
in 1907 the tsar government was signed the agreement with England. According to
this agreement Iran was divided into two authority regions: Russia in North and
England in South. The third - the Russian Cossack Liakhov fired a cannon to the
Iran Forum.
The fourth - the
Russian Cossacks and were destroyed Tabriz city and its population under
instigation of Mohammadali Mirza and the intern
forces.
The fifth - the
Tsar Government presented the ultimatum to Iran Sate in order that it adopts the
agreement concluded in 1907.
Khiyabani, by
means of organization of the great meeting in the square, spoke distinctly
negative against the states concluding of the agreement and the leaders of Iran
state who were adopted the provisions of foregoing did. Notwithstanding that the
head of Tehran Police Office tried to arrest him, he did not find him. Khiyabani
arrived to Mashad and through this city he went to Ashgabad and Makhachgal via
Baku road and after a few term he returned to Tabriz.
Within the
period of the second Forum when Khiyabani was advocate was member of Iran
Democratic Party formed in Tehran.
After returning
to Tabriz, Khiyabani was established the DemocraticParty of South Azerbaijan and
commenced his underground activity.
When the 1917th
Revolution was appeared in Russia the SouthAzerbaijan Democratic Party commenced
its legal activity, on April 09, 1917 the first number of the newspaper
"Tajaddud" and on April 30 the first article of Khiyabani "The truth will
conquer" was appeared in this newspaper. He wrote: the time of carrying out of
Mashruta rules is reached. It is necessary to say the truth openly." In his
second article Khiyabani wrote: the Tsar Russia - the most aggressive and
totalitarian state all over the world was already disintegrated. Today the
Iranian peoples have to protect and execute the Mashruta rules obtained at the
expense of their blood." Khiyabani required the realization of election in
conformity with Mashruta rules.
After a
long term crisis the candidates from the different points of Iran were elected
to the third Forum, but Eyneddovia and the other reactionary groups in
Azerbaijan, interfering with the election affairs, were tore up the election
papers. Therefore, the candidates were not took place in this period of
election, the third period of the Forum was lasted only 39 days, then the
long-term crisis period was started.
In 1918
Azerbaijan Democratic Party continued its activity in very difficult conditions.
In this period the Russian armed forces were obliged to leave Iran as a result
of Revolution. The English armed forces occupied the vacant places. The English
spies as Rzazade were send to Tabriz. On other hand, the armed forces of Ottoman
state, allied with German attacked to Azerbaijan from northern-western side. In
addition, the Armenian armed forces in Urmiya set fire to all cities and the
market.
The head of the
English Political Office arrived here to study the situation of Tabriz meeting
with Khiyabani put several questions to him and demanded about the current
necessity of Azerbaijan. Khiyabany answered him: "Azerbaijan is inseparable part
of Iran. The population of Azerbaijan want to see the performance of the
provisions of Constitution obtained at the expense of their blood and the reform
in all the points of the country". It is to notice that in 1941the desire of
"Azerbaijan Society" and in 1945- of "Azerbaijan Democratic Party" consisted of
this argument.
On September
1919 Khiyabani said: "We want that our people formed as real nation and all
enterprises transformed to the national enterprises. It is the first step to
carry out the Mashruta regime. We will realize of all our desires beginning from
Tabriz and in all territory of Iran."
Within the
period when Khiyabani was the head of the national government realized lots of
reform in Tabriz within a few time. He appointed Abulgasim Fiayazat the Minister
of Education. He established the first women schools named "Mahammadiyya" and
"Hikmet". He gave instruction to teach the lessons in Azerbaijani in schools.
Lots of teacher was invited from Baku.
The Financial
Minister sent from Tehran and the deputy was dismissed of the work and the other
persons were appointed in their posts. Khiyabani wanted to create the rules,
which serve the security of population. The foreign citizen came to Tabriz were
spoken about security of high degree within the national government of
Khiyabani. All office affairs, publication offices, meetings and speeches were
carried out only in Azerbaijan.
Sheikh Muhammad
Khiyabani loved his native country. He died for the freedom of his native land.
Haji Sheikh
Hasani Miyanachi, the close friend of Khiyabani wrote about the death of
Khiyabani: "In order to kill the revolutionaries Mukhbirussaltana gave order to
attack to Entrance Door of Tabriz after a long negotiations with the head of
national armed forces Bagirkhan Salar and his next desire was to see Khiyabani
died or arrested." When the Cossacks attacked to Entrance Door Khiyabani was
obliged to change his place. One of the close friend of Khiyabani, Sartibzade
said:" do not leave the apartment until L will come". But he did not come.
Khiyabani after 4 hours of waiting his friend left the
apartment.
The grandson of
Khiyabani said: "When Khiyabani came at our place he said that Sartibzade
obliged him to wait for him within four hours, I could leave the city during
this period. The sole version was to leave the apartment. My wife helped me".
The grandson of Sheikh Miyanachi: "My grand father accepted him with great
respect. Then my grandfather said to Khiyabani: Allow me to go at
Mukhbirussaltana's place and demand your freedom. Khiyabani answered: No, I
appreciate your personality from the positive side, but he... is not worth to
your visit". Then Khiyabani added the following speaking about Mukhbirussaltana:
"I gave a lot of offers to this dishonest person he did not accepted, never I
did not believe that my friend would betray me."